If allowed to spread across Australia, red imported fire ants could cost Australian households $1.08 billion in medical, veterinary and management costs every year. Costs could be largest in NSW and Victoria, each around $300m per year. Annually, fire ants could cause an additional 623,693 medical visits, and 33 deaths due to anaphylaxis. Pets could need an extra 2.3 million vet visits, and thousands could die each year.