Japan taxes energy imports through its Petroleum and Coal Tax, which raises AUD $8 billion per year on average. Of this $8 billion, around $1.8 billion comes from taxing gas imports into Japan. This is more than the $1.4 billion per year that Australia’s Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) raises in total.

Japan raises $710 million each year taxing gas imports from Australia specifically. It is unclear if gas exporters in Australia pay any PRRT at all, but what is clear is that Japan’s gas tax raises more revenue from Australian gas exports than Australia’s PRRT does.

This paper was updated in May 2026 with new data provided by the Australian Taxation Office to the Senate inquiry into taxation of gas resources.