There has been a growing push for the Federal Government to introduce a universal school voucher scheme that results in government funding being provided on a per student basis to parents, which they could then use at a public or private school of their choice. This paper evaluates the available evidence on school voucher schemes to determine what impact they could have on education outcomes. An analysis is also provided of the likely cost of voucher schemes and the effect they could have on the distribution of resources between and within the government and non-government school sectors.